The Math object in JavaScript

The Math object is a built-in, static object in JavaScript. It’s functions and constants helps in mathematical calculations. Since math is static it can be used directly to call all it’s constants and methods.

Math Properties

Math.E

Returns Euler’s constant and base of natural logarithms.

Math.LN10

Returns natural logarithm of 10.

Math.LOG2E

Returns Base 2 logarithm of 2.

Math.LOG10E

Returns Base 10 logarithm of E.

Math.PI

Returns Pi Value.

Math.LN2

Returns Natural Logarithm of 2.

Math.SQRT1_2

Returns square root of 1/2.

Math.SQRT2

Returns square root of 2.

Example of Math object properties in JavaScript

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
<script>
    //Output: Math.E 2.718281828459045
    document.write("<br /><b>Math.E</b>: " + Math.E);
    //Output: Math.LN10 2.302585092994046
    document.write("<br /><b>Math.LN10</b>: " + Math.LN10);
    //Output: Math.LOG2E1 .4426950408889634
    document.write("<br /><b>Math.LOG2E</b>: " + Math.LOG2E);
    //Output: Math.LOG10E 0.4342944819032518
    document.write("<br /><b>Math.LOG10E</b>: " + Math.LOG10E);
    //Output: Math.PI 3.141592653589793
    document.write("<br /><b>Math.PI</b>: " + Math.PI);
    //Output: Math.LN2 0.6931471805599453
    document.write("<br /><b>Math.LN2</b>: " + Math.LN2);
    //output: Math.SQRT1_2 0.7071067811865476
    document.write("<br /><b>Math.SQRT1_2</b>: " + Math.SQRT1_2);
    //output: Math.SQRT2 1.4142135623730951
    document.write("<br /><b>Math.SQRT2</b>: " + Math.SQRT2);
</script>
</body>

</html>

Math Methods

Following built-in Math methods are used for mathematical functions.

Math.random()

This method returns a random number between 0 and 1.

Example of Math.random() method

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
	<button onclick="random()">Random Generator</button>
	<p id="randGen"></p>
<script>
	function random(){
    	document.getElementById("randGen").innerHTML = Math.random();
	}
</script>
</body>

</html>

Math.min(num1, num2, num3 ….)

This method returns the lowest number in the list of arguments passed to it.

Example of Math.min() method

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
	<button onclick="minGen()">Get Minimum</button>
	<p id="minimumGen"></p>
<script>
	function minGen(){						
    	document.getElementById("minimumGen").innerHTML = Math.min(3,8,-1,90); //returns -1
	}
</script>
</body>

</html>

Math.max(num1, num2, num3 ….)

This method returns the highest number in the list of arguments passed to it.

Example of Math.max() method

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
    <button onclick="maxGen()">Get Maximum</button>
    <p id="maximumGen"></p>
<script>
    function maxGen(){						
        document.getElementById("maximumGen").innerHTML = Math.max(3,8,-1,90); //returns 90
    }
</script>
</body>

</html>

Math.round(num)

This method rounds the input number to nearest integer.

Example of Math.round() method

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
    <p id="mathGen"></p>
    <input type="text" id="num" />
    <button onclick="getRound()">Round number</button>
<script>
    function getRound(){
        var x = document.getElementById("num").value; 
        document.getElementById("mathGen").innerHTML = Math.round(x);
    }	
</script>
</body>

</html>

Math.ceil(num)

This method rounds the number to the nearest higher integer.

Example of Math.ceil() method

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
    <p id="mathGen"></p>
    <input type="text" id="num" />
    <button onclick="getCeil()">Ceil number</button>
<script>
    function getCeil(){
        var x = document.getElementById("num").value;		document.getElementById("mathGen").innerHTML = Math.ceil(x);
    }	
</script>
</body>

</html>

Math.floor(num)

This method rounds the number to the nearest lower integer.

Example of Math.floor() method

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
    <p id="mathGen"></p>
    <input type="text" id="num" />
    <button onclick="getFloor()">Floor number</button>
<script>
    function getFloor(){
        var x = document.getElementById("num").value; 
        document.getElementById("mathGen").innerHTML = Math.floor(x);
    }	
</script>
</body>

</html>

Math.abs(num)

This method returns absolute value of a number.

Example of Math.abs() method

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
    <p id="mathGen"></p>
    <input type="text" id="num" />
    <button onclick="getAbs()">Absolute number</button>
<script>
    function getAbs(){
        var x = document.getElementById("num").value; 
        document.getElementById("mathGen").innerHTML = Math.abs(x);
    }	
</script>
</body>

</html>

Math.exp(num)

This method returns value of E to power num.

Example of Math.exp() method

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
    <p id="mathGen"></p>
    <input type="text" id="num" />
    <button onclick="getExp()">Exponent number</button>
<script>
    function getExp(){
        var x = document.getElementById("num").value; 
        document.getElementById("mathGen").innerHTML = Math.exp(x);
    }	
</script>
</body>

</html>

Math.log(num)

This method returns natural algorithm (base E) of num.

Example of Math.log() method

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
    <p id="mathGen"></p>
    <input type="text" id="num" />
    <button onclick="getLog()">Log number</button>
<script>
    function getLog(){
        var x = document.getElementById("num").value; 
        document.getElementById("mathGen").innerHTML = Math.log(x);
    }	
</script>
</body>

</html>

Math.acos(num)

This method returns arccosine of num in radians.

Example of Math.acos() method

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
    <p id="mathGen"></p>
    <input type="text" id="num" />
    <button onclick="getACos()">arcCos number</button>
<script>
    function getACos(){
        var x = document.getElementById("num").value; 
        document.getElementById("mathGen").innerHTML = Math.acos(x);
    }	
</script>
</body>

</html>

Math.asin(num)

This method returns arcsine of num in radians.

Example of Math.asin() method

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
    <p id="mathGen"></p>
    <input type="text" id="num" />
    <button onclick="getASin()">arcSine number</button>
<script>
    function getASin(){
        var x = document.getElementById("num").value; 
        document.getElementById("mathGen").innerHTML = Math.asin(x);
    }	
</script>
</body>

</html>

Math.atan(num)

This method returns arctangent of num in numeric value between –PI/2 to PI/2.

Example of Math.atan() method

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
    <p id="mathGen"></p>
    <input type="text" id="num" />
    <button onclick="getATan()">arcTangent number</button>
<script>
    function getATan(){
        var x = document.getElementById("num").value; 
    document.getElementById("mathGen").innerHTML = Math.atan(x);
    }	
</script>
</body>

</html>

Math.atan2(num1, num2)

This method returns arctangent of the quotient of its arguments.

Example of Math.atan2() method

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
    <p id="mathGen"></p>
    <input type="text" id="num1" />
    <input type="text" id="num2" />
    <button onclick="getTan2()">Tangent number</button>
<script>
    function getTan2(){
        var x = document.getElementById("num1").value; 
        var y = document.getElementById("num2").value; 
    document.getElementById("mathGen").innerHTML = Math.atan2(y,x);
    }	
</script>
</body>

</html>

Math.cos(num)

This method returns cosine of num in radians.

Example of Math.cos() method

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
    <p id="mathGen"></p>
    <input type="text" id="num" />
    <button onclick="getCos()">Cosine number</button>
<script>
    function getCos(){
        var x = document.getElementById("num").value; 
        document.getElementById("mathGen").innerHTML = Math.cos(x);
    }	
</script>
</body>

</html>

Math.sin(num)

This methods returns sine of number in radians.

Example of Math.sin() method

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
    <p id="mathGen"></p>
    <input type="text" id="num" />
    <button onclick="getSin()">Sine number</button>
<script>
    function getSin(){
        var x = document.getElementById("num").value; 
        document.getElementById("mathGen").innerHTML = Math.sin(x);
    }	
</script>
</body>

</html>

Math.tan(num)

This method returns tangent of the angle.

Example of Math.tan() method

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
    <p id="mathGen"></p>
    <input type="text" id="num" />
    <button onclick="getTan()">Tangent number</button>
<script>
    function getTan(){
        var x = document.getElementById("num").value; 
        document.getElementById("mathGen").innerHTML = Math.tan(x);
    }
</script>
</body>

</html>

Math.pow(num, x)

This method returns num to the power of x.

Example of Math.pow() method

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
    <p id="mathGen"></p>
    <input type="text" id="num1" />
    <input type="text" id="num2" />
    <button onclick="getPow()">Power number</button>
<script>
    function getPow(){
        var x = document.getElementById("num1").value; 
        var y = document.getElementById("num2").value; 
        document.getElementById("mathGen").innerHTML = Math.pow(x, y);
    }	
</script>
</body>

</html>

Math.sqrt(num)

This method returns square root of num.

Example of Math.sqrt() method

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
    <p id="mathGen"></p>
    <input type="text" id="num" />
    <button onclick="getSqrt()">Square Root number</button>
<script>
    function getSqrt(){
        var x = document.getElementById("num").value; 
        document.getElementById("mathGen").innerHTML = Math.sqrt(x);
    }	
</script>
</body>

</html>

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